Journal article
Three-dimensional imaging of individual dopant atoms in SrTiO3
J Hwang, JY Zhang, AJ D'Alfonso, LJ Allen, S Stemmer
Physical Review Letters | Published : 2013
Abstract
We report on three-dimensional (3D) imaging of individual Gd dopant atoms in a thin (∼2.3 nm) foil of SrTiO3, using quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy. Uncertainties in the depth positions of individual dopants are less than 1 unit cell. The overall dopant concentration measured from atom column intensities agrees quantitatively with electrical measurements. The method is applied to analyze the 3D arrangement of dopants within small clusters containing 4-5 Gd atoms. © 2013 American Physical Society.
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Grants
Awarded by U.S. Department of Energy
Awarded by MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation
Awarded by Australian Research Council
Awarded by DECRA
Funding Acknowledgements
The authors thank Pouya Moetakef and Adam Kajdos for providing the samples. J. H. and S. S. acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy (DEFG02-02ER45994). J. H. acknowledges use of the computing facilities of the UCSB Center for Scientific Computing at the California Nanosystems Institute and UCSB MRL (NSF CNS-0960316), which were used to carry out the image simulations. The work made use of central facilities of the UCSB MRL, which is supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1121053. L. J. A. and A. J. D. acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council's Discovery Project (Project No. DP110102228) and DECRA (Project No. DE130100739).